Top Django Interview Questions and Answers: Django is a popular web framework that is written in Python and named after the legendary jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt. It follows the model-view-template (MVT) architecture, which helps to keep the code organized and easy to maintain. This article provides a comprehensive list of Django Interview Questions and Answers, including the Top 100 Django Interview Questions and Answers, Latest Django Interview Questions, Django Technical Interview Questions, and Django Interview Questions for Freshers. By familiarizing themselves with these key concepts, features, and applications of Django, candidates can gain the confidence to tackle any Django-related questions that may arise during their interviews.
★★ Latest Technical Interview Questions ★★
Django Technical Interview Questions
The Django Interview Questions and Answers are designed to evaluate a candidate’s knowledge and proficiency in using the Django web framework. By preparing for Django interview questions, candidates can demonstrate their expertise in Django and showcase their ability to develop robust and scalable web applications using this popular framework.
Top 100 Django Interview Questions and Answers 2023
1. What is Django and what inspired its creation?
Django is a high-level web framework that enables the rapid development of secure and maintainable websites. It was created by web developers at the Lawrence Journal-World newspaper to improve their workflow.
2. What is the syntax for defining a Django model?
The syntax for defining a Django model is to create a subclass is
django.db.models
3. What architecture does Django use?
Model: Logical data structure behind the entire app and signified by a database.
View: It’s a user interface. What you see when you visit a website is called a user interface. Represented by HTML/CSS/Javascript files.
Template: Deals with the presentation of data.
4. What is the main advantage of using Django for web development?
The main advantage of Django is its ability to handle complex web applications quickly and easily. Its built-in features such as an ORM, URL routing, and template engine allow developers to focus on writing business logic instead of boilerplate code.
5. How does Django handle URL routing?
Django uses a URL dispatcher to match incoming requests with view functions. URL patterns are defined in the project’s urls.py file and can include regular expressions and named groups.
6. What is the difference between a Django project and a Django app?
| Aspect | Django Project | Django App |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | A collection of settings, configurations, and applications. | A self-contained module that performs a specific function. |
| Purpose | Provides the overall framework for a web application. | Adds functionality to a project or can be reused in other apps. |
| File structure | Consists of multiple apps, each with its own files and logic. | Contains a set of related files and code that can be reused. |
| Functionality | Manages the entire application, routing URLs, and views. | Adds specific features or functions to a project. |
| Database | Has access to the project’s database and can create new ones. | Can use the project’s database or have its own. |
| Can be installed | Cannot be installed since it is a top-level container. | Can be installed in multiple projects or reused. |
7. What is a virtual environment in Django and why is it important?
A virtual environment is a tool that allows developers to isolate Python dependencies for a project. It ensures that different projects can have different dependencies and versions without conflicts.
8. Explain Django Architecture?
The below diagram depicts the working cycle of Django MVT architecture:
9. How do you create a new Django app using the command line interface?
The syntax is
python manage.py startapp <app_name>
10. How do you create a Django project?
To create a Django project, you can use the Django-admin start project command followed by the project name. This will create a directory with the project’s files and settings.
11. How do you create a Django app?
To create a Django app, you can use the manage.py startup command followed by the app name. This will create a directory with the app’s files and models.
12. What is some typical usage of middleware in Django?
- Session management,
- Use authentication
- Cross-site request forgery protection
- Content Gzipping
13. What is the purpose of the Django settings.py file?
The settings.py file contains configuration settings for a Django project, such as database connections, installed apps, and middleware.
14. What is the difference between a Django model and a Django form?
| Aspect | Django Model | Django Form |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Django models are used to define the database schema and interact with the database. | Django forms are used to accept input from users and validate that input before it’s processed. |
| Fields | Django models have fields that map to database columns, with optional validation and other behavior. | Django forms have fields that accept user input, with validation, widget selection, and other options. |
| Handling Data | Django models interact with data stored in a database. | Django forms handle data input and validation before the data is used. |
| Relationship Management | Django models define relationships between tables, such as foreign key relationships. | Django forms can include fields that relate to other models, but don’t define the relationships themselves. |
15. How do you connect a Django project to a database?
To connect a Django project to a database, you need to specify the database connection details in the settings.py file. This includes the database type, host, port, username, and password.
16. How do you create a Django project?
To create a Django project, navigate to the directory where you want to do a project and type the following command:
That will create an "ABC"
That will create an “ABC” folder with the following structure −
ABC/
manage.py
myproject/
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py17. What databases does Django support?
Django supports a variety of databases including PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, and Oracle. It also supports NoSQL databases such as MongoDB through third-party libraries.
18. What is the difference between Django’s built-in User model and a custom User model?
| Aspect | Django Built-in User Model | Custom User Model |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Django’s built-in User model provides basic user authentication and authorization functionality. | A custom User model provides a more flexible way to store user data, with the ability to add custom fields and methods and to integrate with third-party authentication providers. |
| Fields | The built-in User model has predefined fields for username, email, password, and more. | A custom User model can have any fields needed for your project, such as user profile information or custom authentication fields. |
| Extensibility | The built-in User model can be extended with additional fields and methods using a profile model or one-to-one relationship. | A custom User model can be extended with additional fields and methods directly in the model, without the need for a separate profile model. |
19. How do you define a URL pattern in Django’s urls.py file?
The syntax for defining a URL pattern in Django’s urls.py file is to create a patterns list and add the path() or re_path() functions that map URL patterns to view functions.
20. What is an ORM and how does Django’s ORM work?
An ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a programming technique that allows developers to interact with databases using objects instead of SQL. Django’s ORM maps database tables to Python classes and provides an API for CRUD operations.
21. How does Django handle static files?
Django uses a built-in static files app to manage static files such as CSS, JavaScript, and images. These files can be stored in an app-specific static directory or a project-wide directory.
22. What is a Django template and how does it work?
A Django template is a text file that defines the structure of an HTML document. It can include variables, loops, conditionals, and other control structures that are rendered by the template engine.
23. How does Django handle forms and form validation?
Django provides a built-in forms module that simplifies form handling and validation. Forms are defined as Python classes that inherit from Django’s form classes and can include custom validation logic.
24. What is a Django view and how does it work?
A Django view is a Python function that takes an HTTP request and returns an HTTP response. Views can interact with models, forms, and templates to generate dynamic content.
25. How do you define a form class in Django?
The syntax for defining a form class in Django is to create a subclass of django. forms.Form
26. How does Django handle user authentication and authorization?
| Authentication in Django | Authorization in Django |
|---|---|
| Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, while authorization is the process of verifying that a user has the necessary permissions to perform an action. | Authorization in Django involves granting or denying access to specific resources and functionalities based on a user’s identity and assigned permissions. |
| Django provides built-in authentication views, forms, and backends to handle user authentication. | Django provides a built-in authorization system that uses the concept of permissions to control access to different parts of a website or application. |
| Django’s default user model provides fields for username, email, password, first name, and last name. You can customize the user model or create a custom user model to add extra fields or functionality. | The authorization system in Django uses permissions and groups to control access to resources. Permissions are specific actions that can be performed on a model or object, while groups are collections of permissions that can be assigned to users. |
27. What is a middleware in Django and how does it work?
A middleware in Django is a component that sits between the web server and the application and can modify incoming requests and outgoing responses. It is defined as a Python class and can be used for tasks such as authentication, caching, and security.
28. What is the syntax for using Django’s built-in authentication views?
The syntax for using Django’s built-in authentication views is
django.contrib.auth.urls module
29. What does of Django field class types do?
- The database column type.
- The default HTML widget to avail while rendering a form field.
- The minimal validation requirements used in Django admin.
- Automatically generated forms.
30. What is Django’s admin interface and how does it work?
Django’s admin interface is a built-in app that provides a web-based interface for managing the site’s data models. It allows developers to create, read, update, and delete objects from the database.
31. How does Django handle internationalization and localization?
| Aspect | Internationalization in Django | Localization in Django |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Internationalization (i18n) is the process of designing and developing software that can be adapted to different languages and cultures. Localization (l10n) is the process of adapting software to a specific locale or language. | Localization in Django involves translating text and other content in a website or application to a specific language or locale. |
| Built-in Functionality | Django provides built-in functions and utilities for internationalization, including translation support, date and time formatting, and number formatting. | Django provides built-in support for localization, including translation support and the ability to serve content in different languages based on a user’s preferences. |
| Translation Files | Django uses translation files (.po and .mo) to store translations. The .po file contains the original text and its translation, while the .mo file is a compiled version of the .po file. |
Django’s localization system uses translation files to store translations. The .po and .mo files are used to store translations for specific languages or locales. |
32. How does Django handle email sending?
Django provides a built-in email-sending API that simplifies the process of sending emails from web applications. It includes support for HTML email, attachments, and SMTP authentication.
33. How do you define a foreign key relationship in a Django model?
The syntax for defining a foreign key relationship in a Django model is to use the ForeignKey field type and specify the related model as an argument.
34. What is Django’s middleware and what are some common middleware classes?
Django’s middleware is a set of components that sit between the web server and the view and can perform various functions, such as modifying requests or responses. Some common middleware classes include AuthenticationMiddleware, SessionMiddleware, and CsrfViewMiddleware.
35. What is the syntax for creating a superuser in Django?
The syntax is
python manage.py createsuperuser.
36. What is Django’s QuerySet API and how does it work?
Django’s QuerySet API is a powerful tool for interacting with databases. It provides a chainable API for filtering, ordering, and aggregating database data. QuerySets can also be combined with the ORM’s lazy loading to minimize database queries.
37. How does Django handle caching and what caching options are available?
Django provides a built-in caching framework that allows developers to cache the results of expensive database queries or view functions. Caching options include in-memory caching, file-based caching, and cache backends such as Memcached or Redis.
38. What is Django’s signal framework and how does it work?
Django’s signal framework allows developers to define and trigger custom signals in response to various actions, such as saving a model instance or user authentication. Signals can be used to perform custom actions or trigger external services.
39. What is Django’s testing framework and how does it work?
Django’s testing framework provides a set of tools for writing and running tests for Django applications. It includes support for unit tests, integration tests, and functional tests, and can be run with various testing runners such as pytest.
40. How does Django handle file uploads and storage?
Django provides a built-in file-handling API that can handle file uploads and storage. It includes support for various file storage backends such as local file systems, AWS S3, and Google Cloud Storage.
41. How do you define a many-to-many relationship in a Django model?
The syntax for defining a many-to-many relationship in a Django model is to use the ManyToManyField field type and specify the related model as an argument.
42. What is Django’s CSRF protection and how does it work?
Django’s CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) protection is a security feature that prevents malicious websites from submitting forms on behalf of a user. It works by generating a unique token for each form submission and checking it against a session variable.
43. What is Django’s migration system and how does it work?
Django’s migration system provides a way to manage changes to a database schema over time. It uses a version-controlled file-based system to track changes and provides a set of commands for creating and applying migrations.
44. What is Django’s built-in authentication system?
Django’s built-in authentication system provides a secure and customizable way to manage user authentication and authorization. It includes support for user registration, login, logout, password reset, and permissions.
45. How does Django handle database transactions?
Django provides a built-in transaction management system that allows developers to perform database operations in a transactional manner. Transactions can be managed manually or automatically using Django’s atomic context manager.
46. What is the difference between Django’s function-based views and class-based views?
| Function-Based Views | Class-Based Views |
|---|---|
| Function-based views are Python functions that take a request as an argument and return a response. | Class-based views are Python classes that define methods for handling HTTP requests. |
Function-based views are typically mapped to URL patterns in the URLconf using the url() function. |
Class-based views are typically mapped to URL patterns in the URLconf using the as_view() method. |
| In function-based views, request-handling logic is implemented in the body of the function. | In class-based views, request-handling logic is implemented in methods, such as get(), post(), put(), etc. |
| Function-based views are less reusable and less flexible than class-based views, as code must be copied and pasted to reuse logic. | Class-based views promote reuse and inheritance, as developers can create subclasses of built-in views to customize behavior or add new functionality. |
47. How does Django handle internationalization and localization?
Django provides a built-in i18n framework that supports the translation of static and dynamic content. It includes support for pluralization and language switching.
48. What is Django’s template system and how does it work?
Django’s template system provides a way to generate HTML, XML, or other markup using template files. It includes support for template inheritance, custom tags, and filters.
49. What is Django’s model manager?
Django’s model manager provides a way to interact with a model’s database table. It includes support for querying and filtering data, creating and updating objects, and performing database operations.
50. How does Django handle security and what security features are available?
Django includes several security features such as CSRF protection, SQL injection prevention, XSS protection, and password hashing. It also provides support for HTTPS and encryption.
51. What is the syntax for creating a new Django project using the command line interface?
The syntax is
django-admin startproject <project_name>
52. How does Django handle background tasks and what tools are available?
Django provides several options for running background tasks such as Celery, Django Background Tasks, and Django Q. These tools can be used to schedule and execute asynchronous tasks such as sending emails or processing large datasets.
53. What is Django’s URL routing system and how does it work?
Django’s URL routing system maps URLs to views based on regular expressions. It includes support for named URL patterns, URL parameters, and optional parameters.
54. What is Django’s logging framework and how does it work?
Django’s logging framework provides a way to log messages from Django applications. It includes support for different log levels, loggers, and handlers, and can be configured to write logs to various destinations such as files or databases.
55. What is the difference between Django and Flask?
| Aspect | Django | Flask |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Django is a full-stack web framework. | Flask is a micro web framework. |
| Batteries included | Django has a lot of built-in features and functionality. | Flask is more lightweight and has fewer built-in features. |
| ORM | Django has its own ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) system. | Flask doesn’t have an ORM, but can use third-party ORMs like SQLAlchemy. |
| URL Routing | Django’s URL routing is more structured and complex. | Flask’s URL routing is more flexible and simpler. |
| Template Engine | Django has its own template engine. | Flask doesn’t have a built-in template engine but can use third-party template engines like |
56. How do you define a custom template tag in Django?
The syntax for defining a custom template tag in Django is to create a module in the app’s template-tags directory and define a function with the register decorator. The function should return a template. Library instance with the custom tag defined.
57. List several caching strategies supported by Django.
Django supports these caching strategies:
- Database caching
- In-memory caching
- File System Caching
- Memcached
58. Describe the inheritance styles in Django?
Django offers three inheritance styles:
Abstract base classes: You use this style when you want the parent class to retain the data you don’t want to type out for every child model.
Multi-table inheritance: You use this style when you want to use a subclass on an existing model and want each model to have its database table.
Proxy models: You use this style to modify Python-level behavior with the models without changing the Model’s field.
59. Describe Django Field Class types?
Every field in a model is an instance of the appropriate field class. In Django, field class types determine:
- The column type describes the database about what kind of data to store
(e.g., INTEGER, VARCHAR, TEXT). - The default HTML widget, while rendering a form field
(e.g. <input type=”text”>, <select>)
60. Explain Django Security?
The following are Django’s security features:
- Cross-site scripting (XSS) protection
- SQL injection protection
- Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection
- Enforcing SSL/HTTPS
- Session security
- Clickjacking protection
- Host header validation
61. How does Django handle file uploads?
Django has a FileField and ImageField model field to handle file uploads as follows:
from django.db import models class MyModel(models.Model): file = models.FileField(upload_to='uploads/')
62. What are the two important parameters in signals?
Two important parameters in signals are:
- Receiver: It specifies the callback function which connected to the signal.
- Sender: It specifies a particular sender from where a signal is received.
63. Explain the advantages of Django?
- It is secure.
- It is scalable.
- It is versatile.
- It is versatile.
- It is fast to write.
- No loopholes in design.
64. Is Django a CMS?
No, Django is not CMS (Content Management System). It’s just a web framework and programming tool that allows you to build websites.
65. Explain the Django session
Django uses sessions to maintain the state between the website and a particular browser. The session framework is capable of anonymous sessions and stores and retrieves data on a per-site-visitor basis. All information is stored on the server side, and Django supports sending and receiving cookies to maintain the session. While cookies store the data of the session ID, they do not store the actual data itself, which is stored on the server side.
66. How to check the version of Django installed on your system?
To check the version of Django installed on your system, open the command prompt and enter the following command:
py -m django --version
You can also try to import Django and use the get_version() method as follows:
?import django print(django.get_version())
67. How to handle Ajax requests in Django?
- Initialize Project
- Create models
- Create views
- Write URLs
- Carry out requests with Jquery Ajax.
- Register models to admin
68. What is a Django template?
A Django template is a text file that defines the structure and presentation of a web page. It contains placeholders for dynamic data that are filled in at runtime.
69. What is the difference between a Django QuerySet and a raw SQL query?
| Django QuerySet | Raw SQL Query |
|---|---|
| Object-Oriented: QuerySets are Python objects that can be manipulated using Python code | SQL-Based: Raw SQL queries are strings of SQL code |
| Database-Independent: QuerySets are written in Python and are translated into SQL by Django’s database API | Database-Dependent: Raw SQL queries are written in the specific SQL dialect of the database being used |
| ORM-based: QuerySets use Django’s Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) to map database tables to Python classes | Direct SQL: Raw SQL queries bypass Django’s ORM and directly interact with the database |
| Safer: QuerySets are designed to prevent SQL injection attacks and are generally safer to use than raw SQL queries | Less Safe: Raw SQL queries are more vulnerable to SQL injection attacks and require careful input validation |
70. How do you implement pagination in Django?
To implement pagination in Django, you can use the built-in Paginator class. First, you need to create an instance of the Paginator class by passing in the QuerySet or list of objects you want to paginate and the number of items to display per page. Then, you can use the get_page() method of the Paginator object to retrieve a specific page of results.
71. How do you use Django’s generic views?
Django’s generic views are pre-built views that can be used to quickly and easily create common web pages patterns, such as a list of objects or a detail view. They are highly customizable and can be extended or overridden to fit specific requirements.
72. What is the Django debug toolbar and how does it work?
The Django debug toolbar is a third-party package that provides a set of panels displaying various debug information about the current request/response cycle. It works by hooking into Django’s middleware and template engines to collect and display information such as SQL queries, template rendering times, and cache hits/misses.
73. How do you use Django’s admin actions functionality?
To use Django’s admin actions functionality:
- Define a function to perform the desired action on a set of selected objects.
- Decorate the function with the admin_action decorator.
- Add the function to the actions attribute of the admin class.
- Select the objects to perform the action using the checkboxes in the admin interface
- and choose the action from the “Actions” dropdown.
74. How do you use Django’s serializer to serialize and deserialize data?
- Import the serializer module from Django.
- Define a serializer class that extends from one of the available serializer classes in Django.
- Define the fields to be serialized or deserialized using serializer fields.
- Use the serializer to convert data to JSON or other formats, or to convert JSON or other formats to Django model instances.
75. How do you use Django’s permission system?
Django’s permission system is a built-in framework for managing user permissions and access control. It provides a set of permission classes that can be used to restrict access to views, actions, and objects based on user roles and permissions.
76. What is the purpose of Django’s content types framework?
The purpose of Django’s content types framework is to allow you to create relationships between different models without having to hard-code the model class names. It provides a generic way of referring to any model, regardless of its specific class.
77. What is Django’s migration framework and how does it work?
Django’s migration framework is used to manage changes to the database schema. It works in the following way:
- A developer creates a new migration file using the make migrations command.
- The migration file defines changes to the database schema, such as adding or removing tables or columns.
- The migrate command is used to apply the migration, which modifies the database
- schema to match the new version specified in the migration file.
- Migration files are versioned and can be applied in a specific order.
78. How to filter items in the Model?
ModelName.objects.filter(field_name=”term”)
79. What are some common security vulnerabilities in Django and how can they be prevented?
Some common security vulnerabilities in Django include cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, and cross-site request forgery (CSRF). To prevent XSS, you should always escape user input when displaying it in HTML templates. To prevent SQL injection, use Django’s built-in query parameterization feature and avoid constructing SQL queries using string concatenation.
80. What are some common ways to improve the performance of a Django application?
There are several ways to improve the performance of a Django application, including using caching to reduce database queries, optimizing database queries with indexing and query tuning, using a content delivery network (CDN) to serve static files, using a reverse proxy server to cache dynamic content, and using asynchronous task processing to offload long-running tasks.
81. How do you implement full-text search in Django?
Django provides built-in support for full-text search using the PostgreSQL or MySQL database backends. To implement a full-text search, you need to create a full-text search index on the relevant database fields and use the appropriate Django query API (such as SearchQuery or SearchVector) to perform the search.
82. How do you use Django’s built-in middleware to handle Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) protection?
Django provides built-in middleware to handle CSRF protection. To use it, you need to include the ‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware’ middleware in your project’s middleware stack. This middleware automatically adds a CSRF token to all outgoing HTML forms and verifies the token on incoming form submissions.
83. What is Django’s form validation framework and how does it work?
Django provides a form validation framework that allows you to validate user input on the server side. To use it, you define a form class that inherits from Django’s ‘forms. Form’ class and define the form fields and validation rules using various built-in validators. When a form is submitted, Django automatically validates the input and raises validation errors if any rules are violated.
84. What are Django’s context processors and how do you use them?
Django’s context processors allow you to add additional data to the context that is available to all views and templates. To use a context processor, you define a function that takes a request object as its argument and returns a dictionary of data to be added to the context. You then add the function to the ‘context_processors’ setting in your project’s settings file.
85. How to use file-based sessions?
To use the same, you need to set the SESSION_ENGINE settings to “django.contrib.sessions.backends.file”
86. How can you combine multiple QuerySets in a View?
result_list = list(chain(model1_list, model2_list, model3_list))
87. How do you use Django’s built-in cache middleware?
Django provides built-in middleware to handle caching of dynamic content. To use it, you need to include the ‘django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware’ and ‘django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware’ middleware in your project’s middleware stack. You also need to configure the cache backend you want to use, such as the built-in file-based cache or a third-party caching solution like Memcached or Redis.
88. How do you write custom Django middleware?
- Create a new Python module in your Django project’s directory and define a class that implements the middleware behavior you want to add.
- Add the middleware class to the MIDDLEWARE list in your project’s settings.py file, specifying the full path to the class.
- Define the middleware behavior in the methods of the middleware class, such as process_request(), process_response(), and process_exception().
89. What is Django’s authentication framework and how do you use it?
- Django’s authentication framework provides a secure way to manage user accounts and permissions.
- To use it, add ‘django.contrib.auth’ to your INSTALLED_APPS setting in settings.py.
- To create a new user, use the User.objects.create_user() method or the UserCreationForm provided by Django.
- To log a user in, use Django’s built-in login() function or the LoginView class.
- To restrict access to certain views, use the @login_required decorator or the LoginRequiredMixin class.
- You can customize the authentication behavior by subclassing the built-in User model or creating your own authentication backend.
90. How to view all items in the Model?
ModelName.objects.all()
91. How do you handle data migrations in Django?
- Django’s migration framework allows for database schema changes to be version controlled and applied incrementally.
- To create a new migration, you use the “make migrations” command, which examines your models and generates a Python file containing the instructions for modifying the database schema.
- To apply the migrations, you use the “migrate” command, which runs through all outstanding migrations and applies them in order.
92. How do you use Django’s built-in support for testing and running tests?
- Django’s test framework provides a simple way to create and run tests for your application.
- You can create tests by writing Python code that exercises your application’s functionality and asserts that it behaves correctly.
- To run the tests, you use the “test” command, which discovers and runs all the tests in your application.
- The test runner provides a lot of flexibility, allowing you to run subsets of tests, specify test databases, and more.
93. How do you use Django’s form handling with AJAX?
Django provides built-in support for AJAX form submission. You can use jQuery or other JavaScript frameworks to make AJAX requests and handle the response. To enable AJAX form submission in Django, you need to add a ‘submit’ event listener to the form, serialize the form data, and send it to the server using an AJAX request. On the server side, you can use Django’s form handling as usual to validate and process the form data.
94. How do you use the built-in User model for authentication in Django?
You can use the built-in User model for authentication by creating a login view, using the built-in authentication views, or creating a custom authentication backend.
95. How do you create a custom User model for authentication in Django?
To create a custom User model for authentication in Django, you need to subclass AbstractBaseUser and define the required fields and methods, including the authentication methods.
96. How do you implement social authentication in a Django application?
You can implement social authentication in a Django application by using third-party libraries like Django-all auths, Django-social-auth, or Python-social-auth, which provide integration with various social authentication providers.
97. What is the Django ORM?
The Django ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a component of Django that provides an abstraction layer between the database and the application code. It allows developers to interact with the database using Python objects instead of writing raw SQL queries.
98. How do you handle middleware with multiple databases in Django?
To handle middleware with multiple databases in Django, you can use the using() method to specify which database to use for the middleware.
99. What are some common issues with deploying Django to production?
Some common issues with deploying Django to production include managing database migrations, scaling the application, optimizing performance, securing the application, and managing dependencies.
100. How do you use Django’s signals to handle events in the application?
You can use Django’s signals to handle events in the application by defining signal receivers that execute when a signal is sent. Signals can be used to perform tasks like updating the cache, sending emails, or triggering other processes based on specific events in the application.
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