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Quality Control MCQs and Answers With Explanation – Quality control is a critical process in ensuring that products or services meet established standards of quality. Quality control involves activities such as preventing defects from occurring, determining the root cause of defects, and improving the overall process. There are various tools used in quality control, including control charts, Pareto charts, and Fishbone diagrams. Total Quality Management (TQM) is another concept that emphasizes a customer-focused approach, continuous improvement, and employee empowerment. Now check out the Quality Control MCQ with Answers that we have included in this article to thoroughly prepare for the Quality Control (QC) concept.
Quality Control MCQ with Answers
In this set of MCQ On Quality Control, we will test your knowledge of quality control concepts and tools. Not only we have provided the Quality Control Multiple Choice Questions and Answers but we have also given a detailed explanation for each and every question in the following section. So kindly check these Quality Control MCQs without missing anything.
Quality Control Multiple Choice Questions
| Name | Quality Control (QC) |
| Exam Type | MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) |
| Category | Technical Quiz |
| Mode of Quiz | Online |
Top 50 MCQ On Quality Control | Practice Online Quiz
1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of quality control?
a. Prevents defects from occurring
b. Focuses on the end product
c. Determines the root cause of defects
d. Improves the overall process
Answer: b. Focuses on the end product
Explanation: Quality control is a process that aims to prevent defects from occurring, determine the root cause of defects, and improve the overall process. It focuses on the process and aims to identify and correct any issues before they impact the end product.
2. Which of the following is not a tool used in quality control?
a. Control chart
b. Pareto chart
c. Fishbone diagram
d. Balance sheet
Answer: d. Balance sheet
Explanation: Balance sheet is a financial statement used to track a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity. It is not a tool used in quality control.
3. Which of the following is not a component of Total Quality Management (TQM)?
a. Continuous improvement
b. Customer focus
c. Employee empowerment
d. Inspection
Answer: d. Inspection
Explanation: Inspection is not a component of TQM. TQM emphasizes a customer-focused approach, continuous improvement, and employee empowerment.
4. What is the purpose of a control chart?
a. To track the performance of a process over time
b. To identify the root cause of defects
c. To determine the cost of defects
d. To evaluate customer satisfaction
Answer: a. To track the performance of a process over time
Explanation: A control chart is a tool used in quality control to track the performance of a process over time. It helps to identify any changes or trends in the process that may be causing defects.
5. What is the purpose of a Pareto chart?
a. To track the performance of a process over time
b. To identify the root cause of defects
c. To determine the cost of defects
d. To identify the most significant sources of defects
Answer: d. To identify the most significant sources of defects
Explanation: A Pareto chart is a tool used in quality control to identify the most significant sources of defects. It displays the frequency or impact of different sources of defects in a descending order, enabling quality control teams to prioritize the most important sources of defects.
6. What is the purpose of a Fishbone diagram?
a. To track the performance of a process over time
b. To identify the root cause of defects
c. To determine the cost of defects
d. To identify the most significant sources of defects
Answer: b. To identify the root cause of defects
Explanation: A Fishbone diagram is a tool used in quality control to identify the root cause of defects. It provides a visual representation of the factors contributing to a defect and helps quality control teams to identify and address the underlying causes.
7. Which of the following is not a type of inspection?
a. Attribute sampling
b. Variable sampling
c. Acceptance sampling
d. Discrete sampling
Answer: d. Discrete sampling
Explanation: Discrete sampling is not a type of inspection. The three primary types of inspection are attribute sampling, variable sampling, and acceptance sampling.
8. What is the purpose of acceptance sampling?
a. To inspect the entire lot or batch of products
b. To determine the root cause of defects
c. To evaluate customer satisfaction
d. To inspect a representative sample of products
Answer: d. To inspect a representative sample of products
Explanation: Acceptance sampling is a type of inspection that involves inspecting a representative sample of products to determine if the entire lot or batch meets the required quality standards.
9. Which of the following is not a type of process control chart?
a. X-bar chart
b. Range chart
c. Histogram chart
d. p-chart
Answer: c. Histogram chart
Explanation: A histogram chart is not a type of process control chart. The three primary types of process control charts are X-bar chart, range chart, and p-chart.
10. What is the purpose of an X-bar chart?
a. To track the individual measurements of a process
b. To track the average of a process over time
c. To track the range of a process over time
d. To track the proportion of nonconforming items in a sample
Answer: b. To track the average of a process over time
Explanation: An X-bar chart is a process control chart used to track the average or mean of a process over time.
11. What is the purpose of a range chart?
a. To track the individual measurements of a process
b. To track the average of a process over time
c. To track the range of a process over time
d. To track the proportion of nonconforming items in a sample
Answer: c. To track the range of a process over time
Explanation: A range chart is a process control chart used to track the range of a process over time. It helps to identify any variation in the process and can be used in conjunction with an X-bar chart to analyze process performance.
12. What is the purpose of a p-chart?
a. To track the individual measurements of a process
b. To track the average of a process over time
c. To track the range of a process over time
d. To track the proportion of nonconforming items in a sample
Answer: d. To track the proportion of nonconforming items in a sample
Explanation: A p-chart is a process control chart used to track the proportion of nonconforming items in a sample. It is used for attribute data, such as the number of defects per unit, and helps to identify any trends or changes in the proportion of nonconforming items.
13. What is the purpose of Statistical Process Control (SPC)?
a. To prevent defects from occurring
b. To identify the root cause of defects
c. To improve the overall process
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
Explanation: SPC is a process used in quality control to prevent defects from occurring, identify the root cause of defects, and improve the overall process. It involves the use of statistical methods and tools to analyze process performance and make data-driven decisions.
14. What is the purpose of a cause-and-effect diagram?
a. To track the performance of a process over time
b. To identify the root cause of defects
c. To determine the cost of defects
d. To identify the most significant sources of defects
Answer: b. To identify the root cause of defects
Explanation: A cause-and-effect diagram, also known as a Fishbone diagram, is a tool used in quality control to identify the root cause of defects. It provides a visual representation of the factors contributing to a defect and helps quality control teams to identify and address the underlying causes.
15. Which of the following is not a type of variation in a process?
a. Common cause variation
b. Special cause variation
c. Normal cause variation
d. Assignable cause variation
Answer: c. Normal cause variation
Explanation: Normal cause variation is not a type of variation in a process. The two primary types of variation are common cause variation and special cause variation. Assignable cause variation is a term used to describe special cause variation.
16. What is the purpose of a Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (PFMEA)?
a. To track the performance of a process over time
b. To identify the root cause of defects
c. To prevent potential failures in a process
d. To analyze the cost of defects
Answer: c. To prevent potential failures in a process
Explanation: A Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) is a structured approach used in quality control to prevent potential failures in a process. It involves identifying potential failure modes, assessing their impact, and implementing corrective actions to prevent or mitigate the potential failures.
17. Which of the following is not a step in the Six Sigma DMAIC process?
a. Define
b. Measure
c. Analyze
d. Control
Answer: d. Control
Explanation: Control is not a step in the Six Sigma DMAIC process. The five steps of DMAIC are Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. Control is a phase of the Six Sigma DMADV process.
18. What is the primary goal of the Six Sigma methodology?
a. To reduce defects in a process
b. To improve customer satisfaction
c. To increase profitability
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
Explanation: The primary goal of the Six Sigma methodology is to reduce defects in a process, improve customer satisfaction, and increase profitability. It is a data-driven approach used to improve process performance and eliminate defects.
19. What is the definition of process capability?
a. The ability of a process to produce outputs within specification limits
b. The ability of a process to meet customer requirements
c. The ability of a process to minimize defects
d. The ability of a process to maintain stability
Answer: a. The ability of a process to produce outputs within specification limits
Explanation: Process capability is the ability of a process to produce outputs within specification limits. It is a measure of the inherent variability of a process and its ability to meet customer requirements.
20. What is the definition of process stability?
a. The ability of a process to produce outputs within specification limits
b. The ability of a process to meet customer requirements
c. The ability of a process to minimize defects
d. The ability of a process to maintain consistent performance over time
Answer: d. The ability of a process to maintain consistent performance over time
Explanation: Process stability is the ability of a process to maintain consistent performance over time. It is a measure of the stability and predictability of a process and is essential for ensuring consistent output quality.
21. Which of the following is a tool used to quantify the relationship between two variables?
a. Scatter diagram
b. Control chart
c. Pareto chart
d. Cause-and-effect diagram
Answer: a. Scatter diagram
Explanation: A scatter diagram is a tool used in quality control to quantify the relationship between two variables. It provides a visual representation of the relationship between two variables and can be used to identify any correlation or patterns.
22. What is the definition of reliability?
a. The ability of a product to meet customer requirements
b. The ability of a product to maintain consistent performance over time
c. The ability of a product to perform its intended function under specific conditions
d. The ability of a product to withstand external forces
Answer: c The ability of a product to perform its intended function under specific conditions
Explanation: Reliability is the ability of a product to perform its intended function under specific conditions. It is a measure of the consistency and dependability of a product and is essential for ensuring customer satisfaction.
23. What is the definition of validity?
a. The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
b. The ability of a process to produce outputs within specification limits
c. The ability of a product to maintain consistent performance over time
d. The ability of a product to perform its intended function under specific conditions
Answer: a. The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
Explanation: Validity is the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure. It is a measure of the accuracy and effectiveness of a test and is essential for ensuring reliable and meaningful results.
24. Which of the following is not a type of variation?
a. Common cause variation
b. Special cause variation
c. Random variation
d. Systematic variation
Answer: c. Random variation
Explanation: Random variation is not a type of variation in quality control. The three types of variation are common cause variation, special cause variation, and systematic variation.
25. What is the definition of a standard deviation?
a. A measure of the average distance of data from the mean
b. A measure of the central tendency of a data set
c. A measure of the dispersion of a data set
d. A measure of the variability of a data set
Answer: c. A measure of the dispersion of a data set
Explanation: A standard deviation is a measure of the dispersion of a data set. It is a measure of the variability of the data and is used to describe the spread of the data around the mean.
26. What is the definition of a histogram?
a. A graph showing the frequency distribution of a data set
b. A chart used to identify the root cause of defects
c. A tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time
d. A tool used to quantify the relationship between two variables
Answer: a. A graph showing the frequency distribution of a data set
Explanation: A histogram is a graph showing the frequency distribution of a data set. It is used in quality control to visualize the distribution of data and identify any patterns or trends.
27. What is the definition of a run chart?
a. A chart used to identify the root cause of defects
b. A tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time
c. A tool used to quantify the relationship between two variables
d. A graph showing the frequency distribution of a data set
Answer: b. A tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time
Explanation: A run chart is a tool used in quality control to monitor the performance of a process over time. It is a line graph showing the variation in a process over time and is used to identify any trends or patterns.
28. What is the definition of a control limit?
a. The upper and lower boundaries on a control chart
b. The average value of a data set
c. The central tendency of a data set
d. The dispersion of a data set
Answer: a. The upper and lower boundaries on a control chart
Explanation: A control limit is the upper and lower boundaries on a control chart. It is used to determine if a process is in control or out of control.
29. Which of the following is not a component of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle?
a. Plan
b. Measure
c. Check
d. Act
Answer: b. Measure
Explanation: Measure is not a component of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. The four components of the PDCA cycle are Plan, Do, Check, and Act.
30. What is the definition of a fishbone diagram?
a. A chart used to identify the root cause of defects
b. A tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time
c. A tool used to quantify the relationship between two variables
d. A graph showing the frequency distribution of a data set
Answer: a. A chart used to identify the root cause of defects
Explanation: A fishbone diagram is a chart used to identify the root cause of defects. It is also known as an Ishikawa diagram or a cause-and-effect diagram.
31. What is the definition of a scatter plot?
a. A graph showing the frequency distribution of a data set
b. A chart used to identify the root cause of defects
c. A tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time
d. A tool used to quantify the relationship between two variables
Answer: d. A tool used to quantify the relationship between two variables
Explanation: A scatter plot is a tool used to quantify the relationship between two variables. It is a graph showing the relationship between two variables and is used to identify any correlations or trends.
32. What is the definition of a Pareto chart?
a. A chart used to identify the root cause of defects
b. A tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time
c. A graph showing the frequency distribution of a data set
d. A tool used to quantify the relationship between two variables
Answer: a. A chart used to identify the root cause of defects
Explanation: A Pareto chart is a chart used to identify the root cause of defects. It is a bar graph showing the frequency of different types of defects and is used to identify the most significant causes of defects.
33. Which of the following is a common tool used in quality control?
a. Statistical process control
b. Root cause analysis
c. Failure mode and effects analysis
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
Explanation: All of the above are common tools used in quality control. Statistical process control, root cause analysis, and failure mode and effects analysis are all essential tools for ensuring quality and improving processes.
34. What is the definition of a control chart?
a. A chart used to identify the root cause of defects
b. A tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time
c. A tool used to quantify the relationship between two variables
d. A graph showing the frequency distribution of a data set
Answer: b. A tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time
Explanation: A control chart is a tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time. It is a graphical representation of data and is used to determine if a process is in control or out of control.
35. Which of the following is not a common type of control chart?
a. X-bar chart
b. Range chart
c. Pareto chart
d. CUSUM chart
Answer: c. Pareto chart
Explanation: Pareto chart is not a common type of control chart. X-bar chart, range chart, and CUSUM chart are all common types of control charts.
36. What is the definition of statistical process control (SPC)?
a. A tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time
b. A tool used to identify the root cause of defects
c. A tool used to quantify the relationship between two variables
d. A graph showing the frequency distribution of a data set
Answer: a. A tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time
Explanation: Statistical process control (SPC) is a tool used to monitor the performance of a process over time. It involves using statistical methods to analyze data and identify any significant changes or trends in the process.
37. What is the definition of a defect?
a. A product or service that meets customer requirements
b. A product or service that does not meet customer requirements
c. A variation in a process that is within acceptable limits
d. A variation in a process that is outside acceptable limits
Answer: b. A product or service that does not meet customer requirements
Explanation: A defect is a product or service that does not meet customer requirements. It can be caused by variations in a process that are outside acceptable limits.
38. What is the definition of acceptance sampling?
a. A statistical technique used to determine if a process is in control or out of control
b. A technique used to monitor the performance of a process over time
c. A technique used to inspect a sample of products to determine if they meet specifications
d. A technique used to identify the root cause of defects
Answer: c. A technique used to inspect a sample of products to determine if they meet specifications
Explanation: Acceptance sampling is a technique used to inspect a sample of products to determine if they meet specifications. It involves randomly selecting a sample of products and testing them for quality.
39. Which of the following is not a type of acceptance sampling plan?
a. Single sampling plan
b. Double sampling plan
c. Multiple sampling plan
d. Attribute sampling plan
Answer: d. Attribute sampling plan
Explanation: Attribute sampling plan is not a type of acceptance sampling plan. Single sampling plan, double sampling plan, and multiple sampling plan are all types of acceptance sampling plans.
40. What is the definition of a lot?
a. A group of products or services that are similar in some way
b. A measure of the variation in a process
c. A tool used to quantify the relationship between two variables
d. A graph showing the frequency distribution of a data set
Answer: a. A group of products or services that are similar in some way
Explanation: A lot is a group of products or services that are similar in some way. For example, a lot of products may be manufactured in the same batch or run.
41. What is the definition of a sampling plan?
a. A plan for monitoring the performance of a process over time
b. A plan for identifying the root cause of defects
c. A plan for inspecting a sample of products to determine if they meet specifications
d. A plan for quantifying the relationship between two variables
Answer: c. A plan for inspecting a sample of products to determine if they meet specifications
Explanation: A sampling plan is a plan for inspecting a sample of products to determine if they meet specifications. It involves determining the sample size, the acceptance criteria, and the sampling method.
42. Which of the following is not a type of sampling method?
a. Attribute sampling
b. Variable sampling
c. Stratified sampling
d. Pareto sampling
Answer: d. Pareto sampling
Explanation: Pareto sampling is not a type of sampling method. Attribute sampling, variable sampling, and stratified sampling are all common types of sampling methods.
43. What is the difference between common cause variation and special cause variation?
a. Common cause variation is predictable, while special cause variation is unpredictable
b. Common cause variation is random, while special cause variation is non-random
c. Common cause variation is caused by factors that are inherent in the process, while special cause variation is caused by factors that are external to the process
d. Common cause variation is small, while special cause variation is large
Answer: c. Common cause variation is caused by factors that are inherent in the process, while special cause variation is caused by factors that are external to the process
Explanation: Common cause variation is caused by factors that are inherent in the process and affect all products or services produced by the process. Special cause variation is caused by factors that are external to the process and affect only a subset of products or services produced by the process.
44. What is the purpose of a process capability study?
a. To identify the root cause of defects in a process
b. To monitor the performance of a process over time
c. To inspect a sample of products to determine if they meet specifications
d. To determine the capability of a process to meet customer requirements
Answer: d. To determine the capability of a process to meet customer requirements
Explanation: The purpose of a process capability study is to determine the capability of a process to meet customer requirements. It involves analyzing process data and comparing it to specification limits.
45. What is the difference between a process capability study and a process performance study?
a. A process capability study focuses on the ability of a process to meet customer requirements, while a process performance study focuses on the stability of a process over time
b. A process capability study focuses on the stability of a process over time, while a process performance study focuses on the ability of a process to meet customer requirements
c. A process capability study uses statistical methods to analyze process data, while a process performance study uses visual
d. A process capability study is conducted on a sample of products or services, while a process performance study is conducted on the entire population of products or services
Answer: a. A process capability study focuses on the ability of a process to meet customer requirements, while a process performance study focuses on the stability of a process over time
Explanation: A process capability study focuses on the ability of a process to meet customer requirements, while a process performance study focuses on the stability of a process over time. Process capability studies analyze process data to determine if the process is capable of meeting customer requirements, while process performance studies monitor the process over time to ensure it is stable and performing consistently.
46. What is a process FMEA?
a. A tool used to identify potential failures in a process and their impact on the customer
b. A tool used to measure the capability of a process to meet customer requirements
c. A tool used to analyze the performance of a process over time
d. A tool used to prioritize the causes of defects in a process
Answer: a. A tool used to identify potential failures in a process and their impact on the customer
Explanation: A process FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) is a tool used to identify potential failures in a process and their impact on the customer. It is used to proactively identify and address potential failures before they occur.
47. What is the purpose of a mistake-proofing technique?
a. To identify the root cause of defects in a process
b. To monitor the performance of a process over time
c. To prevent defects from occurring in a process
d. To prioritize the causes of defects in a process
Answer: c. To prevent defects from occurring in a process
Explanation: The purpose of a mistake-proofing technique is to prevent defects from occurring in a process. It involves designing a process or product in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to produce defects.
48. What is the difference between preventive maintenance and predictive maintenance?
a. Preventive maintenance is based on historical data, while predictive maintenance is based on real-time data
b. Preventive maintenance is performed on a fixed schedule, while predictive maintenance is performed when needed
c. Preventive maintenance is performed to prevent breakdowns, while predictive maintenance is performed to detect potential problems before they occur
d. Preventive maintenance involves replacing worn parts, while predictive maintenance involves repairing damaged parts
Answer: c. Preventive maintenance is performed to prevent breakdowns, while predictive maintenance is performed to detect potential problems before they occur
Explanation: Preventive maintenance is performed on a fixed schedule to prevent breakdowns, while predictive maintenance uses real-time data to detect potential problems before they occur. Predictive maintenance allows for more efficient and effective maintenance by addressing issues before they result in downtime.
49. What is a Pareto chart?
a. A chart that displays the frequency of defects in order of their importance
b. A chart that displays the distribution of a variable over time
c. A chart that displays the relationship between two variables
d. A chart that displays the variation in a process over time
Answer: a. A chart that displays the frequency of defects in order of their importance
Explanation: A Pareto chart is a chart that displays the frequency of defects in order of their importance. It is used to identify the most common causes of defects and prioritize efforts to address them.
50. What is a fishbone diagram?
a. A tool used to identify potential failures in a process and their impact on the customer
b. A tool used to measure the capability of a process to meet customer requirements
c. A tool used to analyze the performance of a process over time
d. A tool used to identify the root cause of a problem by analyzing its possible causes
Answer: d. A tool used to identify the root cause of a problem by analyzing its possible causes
Explanation: A fishbone diagram is a tool used to identify the root cause of a problem by analyzing its possible causes. It is also known as an Ishikawa diagram or a cause-and-effect diagram.
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